Jews

Abraham and his descendants were called "Hebrews". When Solomon died, his Kingdom was divided into a Southern Kingdom, called "Judah" because most of its people were from the tribe of Judah (though some were from the tribes of Simon, Levi, and Benjamin), and a Northern Kingdom, called "Israel". The Northern Kingdom was conquered by the Assyrians, its people were exiled and became unidentifiable ("the lost ten tribes"). Jews are called "Jews" because they are descendants of the people of the Kingdom of Judah.