According to my sources, when Maimonides said “All of the Torah now in our hands was the same one given to Moses at Sinai” [inexact quote] he was referring to the Tanach (24 books of the Bible), Mishna and Talmud. First of all, is it just the Babylonian Talmud or also the Jerusalem Talmud? Second, if Moses knew at Sinai the terror that sending the spies would bring, why did he allow it? Ditto with the sin that Moses committed which prohibited him from entering Israel.
I believe it is correct to say that Moses received all the principles of Torah at Sinai (i.e., laws, hermeneutic rules etc.,) but not necessarily the actual wording of any of the books we have today. The commentary of Rashi on the Talmud (Taanis 9a) suggests this when he explains Rabbi Yochanan’s statement that what wasn’t hinted in the Chumash (Five Books of the Torah) would have never been included in Nach (the Prophets and Writings). Rashi writes that the Chumash is the foundation of Nach and everything found in the books of Nach has some hint in the Torah. In other words, Chumash was received directly from G-d but the prophets drew on many hints to build their own presentations. The Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud are similarly (and equally) the products of the the Oral Torah that was received from Moses. It certainly wasn’t the actual wording of these texts that was received, but the laws and themes.
It is very unlikely that the precise wording of the entire Chumash was revealed to Moses at Sinai itself…rather, it was a process lasting the entire forty years in the desert (see the Talmud Gitten 60a). Thus, Moses wouldn’t have necessarily been aware of any particular future events from his revelation.
While all the commandments and their vast laws were received at Sinai, I think it would be more accurate to say that many of the rabbinical commandments were initiated much later (see Talmud Avodah Zarah 36b) – even if some might have been hinted to in Chumash.
With my best regards,
Rabbi Boruch Clinton