Question: Is equality one of the main principles of Judaism?

Answer: Could you explain what you mean by equality? Do you mean equality in the legal sense (“One law there shall be for the homeborn [the native Israelite, or person born Jewish] and unto the stranger that sojourns among you.” – Exodus 12:49)? In the sense of every person being made in G’d’s Image, having the same ancestors and being a brother, or sister, to every other man and woman ever born? Or what? Because those concepts, which come from Sinai and are part of the glory of Torah, are essentially Jewish concepts, which Judaism, in every generation, helps implant and make operational in the world. This is not to say, however, that G’d treats all people exactly the same, or that He doesn’t distinguish, say, between Egypt and Israel, and Egyptian and Jew, in certain circumstances. G’d asks Israel, rhetorically, “Are you not as the children of the Ethiopians to Me?,” meaning that everyone of every nation stands in the same relation to Him, yet in some circumstances He makes important distinctions. These distinctions aren’t just between the individuals of different nations but – well, take the men and women of the different tribes of Israel, and the different obligations and privileges that come with being a plain Israelite – like me, for instance – or a Cohen, a priest (like two of my great-uncles, for instance). . . I hope this answer helps you. . .

Best Wishes,
Michael Dallen
Author of The Rainbow Covenant; Torah and the Seven Universal Laws, exploring the Noahide Law, or the Universal moral law that is contained within the Way or Torah of Israel, which applies, at all times, to every person of every nation, race and creed.