I’ve heard that the maximum amount of time one spends in Hell is 12 months. How is time related to a world that is beyond time? I’ve also heard that whatever you do in this world lives with you infinitely in the next. Like embarrassing someone – in the next world you would feel that person’s pain over and over again, as well as all the good you did. So does the time of feeling the bad end or is it continuous? and how is time related to a timeless world? and how can we say that hell ends and heaven begins is there a starting and end point in a world beyond time?

Your questions are all regarding a subject that has no definitive view, just as there is no definitive view on what Heaven is or what Hell is. The Classic Commentaries share different opinions.

There are several references to time in connection to other worldly concepts. The Torah was created 910 generations prior to the creation of the world… 12 months in Hell… etc. The most straight forward way to understand these references is to view them as metaphors. The use of a metaphor is the Torah’s way of “speaking in a language” in a way we can understand. Any time we discuss something not bound by time or space we have digressed to a foreign language incomprehensible to humans. The only way to grasp it is through a form of “sign language”. “G-d’s hand,” “12 months in hell,” etc.

Regarding what stays with you infinitely goes together with the previous thought. The concept of infinity stretches beyond what finite beings can truly comprehend so I would place it together with the language barrier.